This dissertation explores the notion of fairness within the realm of aircraft noise research. The research conducted within this dissertation is part of the EU-project ANIMA (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches, Grant agreement No. 769627). Through three distinct research articles, it endeavors to shed light on various aspects of this concept. Firstly, the distribution of aircraft noise is elucidated as a fairness dilemma, and it is reviewed through the lens of social justice research. This examination draws upon prior insights from organizational and judicial psychology to provide a comprehensive perspective. Subsequently, a qualitative study delves into the experiences and viewpoints of residents who bear the impact of aircraft noise. The qualitative exploration aims to offer a nuanced understanding of how fairness is perceived from the view of aircraft noise affected residents. Lastly, building upon insights gathered from the preceding research, the development and validation of a questionnaire is shared. This questionnaire serves as a practical tool for quantifying fairness of airport management from the point of view of noise affected residents.