Analytical comparison and optimization studies of building-performance simulations on the basis of the finite-element method

This study utilises Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations to analyse various building physics effects and to improve commonly used building performance simulation (BPS) software. We analyse heat conduction, heat convection, heat radiation, and moisture. The simulations were carried out using a model of a room located in a residential building. To date, advanced multiphysics FEM software tools have only been used in isolated cases and rarely for thermal building simulations. For further analysis, the results are compared with commercial BPS software.

The results show small differences between simulations for inhomogeneous heat transfer, radiation, and humidity. The most significant temperature differences were found for thermal bridges and internal convection. These differences have subsequently been incorporated into the BPS software with the help of “plugins”, i.e. using data interfaces. As a result, the accuracy of the commercial BPS software is improved, while the simulation time (compared to FEM) is significantly reduced, thereby improving the overall temperatures in the BPS software and providing more accurate results. With the help of the FEM method, more aspects of building physics can be analysed and improved. In the future, this can lead to even more accurate thermal building simulations and better building optimisation.